{"id":144,"date":"2026-09-25T06:25:01","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trungglobal.com\/science\/?p=144"},"modified":"2026-09-25T06:26:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:26:14","slug":"luong-tu-la-gi-tu-hat-co-ban-den-ky-nguyen-cong-nghe-luong-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trungglobal.com\/science\/luong-tu-la-gi-tu-hat-co-ban-den-ky-nguyen-cong-nghe-luong-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eec L\u00c0 G\u00cc? T\u1eea H\u1ea0T C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ebeN K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eec"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum)<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong> trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"L\u01af\u1ee2NG
L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eec L\u00c0 G\u00cc? T\u1eea H\u1ea0T C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ebeN K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eec<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb \u201cquantum\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin quantus<\/em>, mang ngh\u0129a \u201cbao nhi\u00eau\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cm\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh dung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Electron kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi electron chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t ra photon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"
T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd Newton v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129 m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • m\u00e1y bay<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • v\u1ec7 tinh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • h\u00e0nh tinh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • electron<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • photon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eadt \u0111en<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • quang ph\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a electron<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"S\u1ef1
        S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 1900, Max Planck<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        E = hf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • E l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • h l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Planck<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • f l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Planck c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          h \\approx 6.62607015\\times10^{-34}\\;J\\cdot s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u1eefng quy m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          4. Photon \u2013 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"Photon
          Photon \u2013 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng hay h\u1ea1t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 photon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Photon c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • spin 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            E=hf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec photon c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            5. Electron \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \"Electron
            Electron \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            Electron l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m lepton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            N\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 spin 1\/2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Electron \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • laser<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              6. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi thu nh\u1ecf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"Nguy\u00ean
              Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi thu nh\u1ecf<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 electron quay quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh tinh quay quanh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Trong c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i electron b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m s\u00f3ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Electron \u0111ang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y electron<\/strong> t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1c orbital nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              7. H\u00e0m s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m s\u00f3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \\psi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Born, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              |\\psi|^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              8. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              |\\psi\\rangle =
              \\alpha|0\\rangle+\\beta|1\\rangle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • |0\\rangle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • |1\\rangle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \\alpha,\\beta l\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u201c\u1edf hai n\u01a1i\u201d theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                9. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t qubit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1edf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \\alpha|0\\rangle+\\beta|1\\rangle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Khi \u0111o trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf |0\\rangle,|1\\rangle, ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                |\\alpha|^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                |\\beta|^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                10. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh Heisenberg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \\Delta x\\Delta p\\geq\\frac{\\hbar}{2}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • \\Delta x l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \\Delta p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \\hbar=h\/2\\pi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  11. L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng \u2013 h\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • t\u00ednh h\u1ea1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    Electron c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao thoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Photon c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra giao thoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hai khe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua h\u1ec7 hai khe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1eabu giao thoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    12. V\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum entanglement)<\/strong> x\u1ea3y ra khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 hai qubit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    |\\Phi^+\\rangle =
                    \\frac{1}{\\sqrt2}
                    (|00\\rangle+|11\\rangle)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Einstein t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u201cspooky action at a distance\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/strong> theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    13. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda sau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • transistor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • diode<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • laser<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • LED<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • camera k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • MRI<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • GPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      14. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 transistor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Transistor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • electron<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Nh\u1edd transistor, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        • CPU<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • GPU<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • RAM<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • smartphone<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          15. T\u1eeb transistor \u0111\u1ebfn smartphone<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          V\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Transistor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Vi x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          M\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Internet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Smartphone + AI + \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c xa r\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          16. Qubit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          bit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Bit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          qubit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          M\u1ed9t qubit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          |\\psi\\rangle =
                          \\alpha|0\\rangle+\\beta|1\\rangle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          17. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • qubit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • c\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • giao thoa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • ph\u00e9p \u0111o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t giao thoa theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng nhanh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            18. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              19. Quantum supremacy v\u00e0 quantum advantage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Quantum advantage<\/strong>
                              L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed: m\u00e1y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Quantum supremacy<\/strong>
                              M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              20. M\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              M\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Quantum cryptography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 QKD \u2013 Quantum Key Distribution<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              QKD khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              BB84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              21. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor<\/strong> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 logarit r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Post-Quantum Cryptography \u2013 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              22. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              M\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Quantum sensing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              • th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • gia t\u1ed1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                23. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ea9n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                • vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • GPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  24. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 GPS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  GPS c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh GPS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  25. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 laser<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Laser l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Laser d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  stimulated emission \u2013 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  • vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • y t\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • quang h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    26. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Trong pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, photon t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p electron\u2013l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    27. \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n qubit si\u00eau d\u1eabn, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    L\u00fd do l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    • ion b\u1eaby<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung h\u00f2a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • photon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • spin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • quantum dots<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      28. Decoherence \u2013 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      decoherence \u2013 m\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      29. Quantum error correction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Nh\u01b0ng qubit kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng bit c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Quantum Error Correction \u2013 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u qubit v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t qubit logic c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      fault-tolerant quantum computing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      30. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Qubit si\u00eau d\u1eabn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o qubit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Ion b\u1eaby<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung h\u00f2a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng laser v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Photon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Spin qubit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Khai th\u00e1c spin c\u1ee7a electron ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      31. Quantum internet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Internet l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Internet l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf Internet hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        \n
                                      • photon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • giao th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                        M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        32. Teleportation l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        Quantum teleportation<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sang m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • ph\u00e9p \u0111o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                          Do c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, teleportation l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          33. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          Electron trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tu\u00e2n theo c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          • ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • thu\u1ed1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • pin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                            Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            34. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \n
                                            • MRI<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • laser y t\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                              Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              35. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              Quantum AI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c giao thoa gi\u1eefa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              Quantum Computing + Artificial Intelligence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \n
                                              • machine learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • sampling<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • AI khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u201cAI l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n AI hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                36. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum hardware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum control<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum operating systems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum algorithms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum software<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                Quantum cloud<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                37. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                C\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n
                                                • v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • sao<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  v\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  38. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u1ea1t\u201d ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Quantum Field Theory \u2013 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (QFT)<\/strong> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • tr\u01b0\u1eddng electron<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • tr\u01b0\u1eddng photon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • tr\u01b0\u1eddng quark<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    39. Higgs boson<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Higgs boson<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    Higgs boson li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    N\u0103m 2012, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Large Hadron Collider c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Higgs boson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1edfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    40. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u201ck\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\u201d kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • giao thoa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed h\u00f3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                      kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng \u201ck\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 phi logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      41. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • LED<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • transistor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • si\u00eau d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • ph\u1ed5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                        N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u00fang.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        42. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • rung \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                          \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cquantum\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          Khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          v\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u201d mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          43. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • l\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                            44. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            Quantum 1.0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • transistor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • laser<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • MRI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                              Quantum 2.0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \n
                                                              • qubit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • photon \u0111\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                N\u1ebfu Quantum 1.0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Quantum 2.0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                45. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                M\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea7n \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, laser, GPS, camera v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                46. T\u1eeb electron \u0111\u1ebfn photon, t\u1eeb transistor \u0111\u1ebfn qubit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Electron<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 transistor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 chip<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 Internet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 smartphone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Trong m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Photon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 laser<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 c\u00e1p quang<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Qubit + photon + nguy\u00ean t\u1eed + v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \u2192 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                47. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i Internet?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a \u201cInternet hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                Internet c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                • \u25cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \u25cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    m\u1ea1ng quang<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \u25cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \u25cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        • \u25cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          AI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          48. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng quy m\u00f4 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          • transistor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • laser<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • GPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • camera<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • Internet<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              \n
                                                                            • m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              49. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 \u2013 Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              H\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              • nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • electron<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • photon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • s\u00f3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 \u2013 C\u01a1 s\u1edf to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                H\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • h\u00e0m s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • vector<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3 \u2013 V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  H\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • s\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 4 \u2013 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    H\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • h\u00e0m s\u00f3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Schr\u00f6dinger<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • to\u00e1n t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • spin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    • v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 5 \u2013 N\u00e2ng cao<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                      Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed n\u00e2ng cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • quantum computing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        50. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        T\u1eeb photon v\u00e0 electron, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        transistor \u2192 chip \u2192 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u2192 Internet \u2192 smartphone \u2192 AI.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        V\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        qubit \u2192 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u2192 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u2192 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u2192 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>, th\u00ec th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi h\u01a1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        FAQ \u2013 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        1. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        2. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        3. Photon l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Photon l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, t\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        4. Electron c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        C\u00f3. Electron l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        5. Ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        6. V\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        7. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        8. Qubit kh\u00e1c bit nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Bit c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 0 ho\u1eb7c 1. Qubit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        9. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi AI kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quantum machine learning\/quantum AI, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        10. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Internet kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        C\u00f3. B\u00e1n d\u1eabn, laser v\u00e0 quang h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; c\u00f2n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        11. Teleportation l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Kh\u00f4ng. Teleportation l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        12. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Kh\u00f4ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. V\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin si\u00eau \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        13. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u201d kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Kh\u00f4ng. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u201d trong ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh hay huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        14. T\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Qubit r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 decoherence c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        15. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                        L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb photon, electron, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u00e0m s\u00f3ng, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp, v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[234,233,235],"tags":[228,225,219,230,181,231,220,229,51,222,200,226,224,223,221,232,190,227],"class_list":["post-144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category--vat-ly","category--khoa-hoc","category--vat-ly-luong-tu","tag-cam-bien-luong-tu","tag-chong-chap-luong-tu","tag-co-hoc-luong-tu","tag-cong-nghe-luong-tu","tag-electron","tag-khoa-hoc-luong-tu","tag-luong-tu","tag-mat-ma-luong-tu","tag-may-tinh-luong-tu","tag-nguyen-tu","tag-photon","tag-quantum","tag-quantum-mechanics","tag-quantum-physics","tag-qubit","tag-vat-ly-hien-dai","tag-vat-ly-luong-tu","tag-vuong-viu-luong-tu"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eec L\u00c0 G\u00cc? 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